Diagnosing Paul - Literature Essay Samples

In the 1905 short story â€Å"Paul’s Case†, author Willa Cather leaves the reader to wonder what exactly Paul’s â€Å"case† is. Throughout the story, there seems to be clues left behind by Cather as to what Paul’s obstacles are. Some of Cather’s indications of what Paul is dealing with, make it appear as though Paul is suffering from Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), and effects of an unresolved Oedipus Complex. These potential factors of Paul’s ambiguous personality are expressed through Paul’s actions. Examples of some of his alarming behavior would be his views on society and his poor decisions towards the very end of the story. In Willa Cather’s story, â€Å"Paul’s Case†, the opening scene starts off with a meeting discussing if Paul, the main character of the story, should be allowed reentry to school following his suspension a week prior. Following the meeting, it comes up that there was something about Paul that no one could directly understand. It comes out that at a very young age, Paul lost his mother. It’s clear that he wouldn’t remember this experience or remember her at all, but there are plenty of direct effects from losing a parent. An effect of losing a parent could be developing Narcissistic Personality Disorder. This disorder can cause a person to feel as if they’re better than those surrounding them and feel like they’re entitled to more than what they have earned. There are many other symptoms of this disorder such as, â€Å"Feeling and behaving in socially distressing ways, limiting their ability to function in relationships and other areas of their life, such as work or school†¦ feeling a sense of entitlement — and when not receiving special treatment, one may become impatient or angry. One may insist on having the best of everything†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Mayo Clinic) These examples of NPD are clearly shown in Paul’s arrogant personality. As Paul’s teachers realize they should be easier on him, he is allowed back into school. Following the meeting, Paul goes to his place of work, Carnegie Hall, where he is an usher. Being an usher, seems to be Paul’s calling in life. He appreciates this occupation and admires what he does, to a point where it is slightly alarming. Paul seems to be infatuated by art and theater, â€Å"The instruments seemed to free some hilarious and potent spirit within him†¦He felt a sudden zest of life; the lights danced before his eyes and the concert hall blazed into unimaginable splendor† (Cather). The author’s descriptions of Paul’s euphoric ex perience express that art is like an escape for him. However, for someone in a disorderly state like Paul, these kinds of escapes aren’t benefiting him. He is already so out of touch with reality, therefore additional delusions won’t aid his distorted view of the world. Following the symphony, he follows a singer from the show to her hotel, he stood outside daydreaming of what it would be like to live a lavish lifestyle like her. His daydreams of this life he believes he should have reflect the possibility of him inhabiting this disorder. This possibility is reflected through his other actions. His actions also reflect possibilities of other issues within Paul. Willa Cather describes the street Paul’s house is on as â€Å"highly respectable†. As Paul heads home, it’s mentioned that Paul feels a shudder of loathing as he heads towards his street. He hates the simplicity of the lives surrounding him, the author describes his views as, â€Å"†¦loathing of respectable beds, of common food, of a house penetrated by kitchen odors; a shuddering repulsion for the flavorless, colorless mass of every-day existence; a morbid desire for cool things and soft lights and fresh flowers† (Cather). While he still lives a well off life, but still craves for more. These greedy ways about him can be explained by his disorderly personality. When Paul finally arrives home, we uncover new information about Paul. Cather states how Paul had a fear of rats and didn’t like the basement of his home, but to avoid confrontation from his father, Paul chooses to sleep down there. This shows the strong feelings he must have towards hi s father. However, to the reader, it doesn’t seem like Paul’s father has many strong negative feelings towards Paul. It turns out Paul’s father really wishes the absolute best for Paul, this is reflected later on as well. The following evening, Paul heads over to the theater, to hang out with a friend named Charley, who comes off as maybe more than a friend. Cather describes their relationship as, â€Å"For more than a year Paul had spent every available moment loitering about Charley Edwardss dressing-room†¦the young actor, who could not afford to employ a dresser† (Cather). Willa Cather also goes on to mention that theater was Paul’s infatuation, but she mentions it in such a way that may suggest something more about Charley, â€Å"This was Pauls fairy tale, and it had for him all the allurement of a secret love† (Cather). This statement seems to imply that Paul may have been homosexual. His feelings towards Charley, his feelings towa rds his father, and the death of his mother point towards the possibility of an unresolved Oedipus Complex. The Oedipus Complex, a theory by Sigmund Freud, suggests that during a child’s development it is important to have a â€Å"†¦desire for sexual involvement with the parent of the opposite sex and a concomitant sense of rivalry with the parent of the same sex† (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica). This is important because it helps mold the personality of a child. When the child eventually subconsciously realizes they can’t be with the parent of the opposite sex, they take qualities from the parent of the same sex to try and be more like them, hoping to find someone similar to them. In Paul’s case, he only had his father for his entire life. If this process by Freud is so crucial to sexual development and molding one’s personality, Paul failed to complete it, leaving it unresolved. This could have resulted in him only being subconsciou sly attracted to his father, developing a more homosexual personality. Being homosexual could have majorly contributed to Paul’s issues considering the time period and the likeliness of being accepted for what he was by society and his father. These ideas are further proven later in the story when Paul meets another boy. This possible unresolved Oedipus Complex and Narcissistic Personality Disorder could be contributors to Paul’s case. These contributors later have a strong impact of Paul’s fate. Throughout â€Å"Paul’s Case†, Paul seems to lose himself and grow more distant as we approach the ending. Paul’s symptoms of Narcissistic Personality Disorder grow as he grows fonder of Charley. Paul begins bragging at school about how close he is with the theater and different actors; a symptom of NPD is, â€Å"†¦exaggerating your achievements and talents† (Mayo Clinic). It becomes alarming for the school and Paul’s father. Eventually, Paul’s father pulls him out of school, and makes him quit from working at the theater. On top of taking away his dream job, he doesn’t allow him to see Charley anymore. Paul’s father didn’t do this to hurt Paul, he actually did this for Paul’s benefit. Following these events, Paul takes an overnight train to New York City. This trip was planned out to every detail, right down to the fresh flowers in his hotel room, â€Å"He had gone over every detail of it with Charley Edwards, and in his scrap-book at home there were pages of description about New York hotels, cut from the Sunday papers† (Cather). Upon arrival, Paul is in touch yet again with his NPD. Before Paul departed to New York, he was working somewhere new, he was asked to make a deposit at a bank, but he kept the majority of the money. Now that he is in New York, he decides to live his life the way he has always dreamt to. Paul goes to stores and purchases the be st clothes and shoes, and checks into the Waldorf. He lives these few days like he believed he should have lived his whole life. He spends a night watching the orchestra at the hotel, he felt he truly belonged there. The next night, Paul encounters a new boy, this new boy is a Yale student. Paul’s experience with this boy is not detailed or explained much at all, but Cather suggests that Paul and the Yale student had some kind of sexual relations the night they met. â€Å"†¦The two boys went out together after dinner, not returning to the hotel until seven oclock the next morning†¦The freshman pulled himself together to make his train and Paul went to bed† (Cather). This is another example of Paul’s unresolved Oedipus Complex, and his homosexuality. Not long after, Paul’s theft has made its way to the newspaper. When Paul reads, he discovers his father paid the money back and was on his way to get him. Paul then thinks about what would be to com e, his old street, and the simplicity of life back home, â€Å"Until now, he could not remember the time when he had not been dreading something† (Cather). When his last day arrived, he realized what it was he lived for, â€Å"†¦he knew now, more than ever, that money was everything, the wall that stood between all he loathed and all he wanted† (Cather). After this realization, Paul decides to head towards the train, not to go back home, but to jump before the oncoming train. That is exactly what he does. At this point, it’s clear to the reader that Paul was planning this trip to have a final great experience. In â€Å"Paul’s Case†, the protagonist, Paul, has a traumatic life. He inhabits Narcissistic Personality Disorder and an unresolved Oedipus Complex. He also had a series of bad experiences and felt his calling in life was something he would never achieve. Paul also was not appreciative of much and didn’t have a positive outlook on life or society itself. Paul’s case is he felt like he didn’t belong where he was and needed more money to get there. Works Cited Cather, Willa â€Å"Paul’s Case† 1905 Print Mayo Clinic â€Å"Narcissistic Personality Disorder† November 8, 2014 Website The Editors of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica â€Å"Oedipus Complex† Website

Best Diet for Leaky Gut - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 602 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Diet Essay Did you like this example? Have you noticed the increasing use of the term â€Å"leaky gut† in recent years? Have you tried to understand how changes in your diet might help leaky gut? Perhaps, more specifically, you are someone that is experiencing leaky gut and wonder how the ketogenic (often referred to as â€Å"keto†) diet might compare to other diets in easing the troubles of leaky gut. We want to assist you in choosing fuel for your body that will help you achieve your goals, be sustainable, and be successful in remedying this issue. Let’s take a closer look at what it is, what causes it, how you can manage it, and the best diet for leaky gut.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Best Diet for Leaky Gut" essay for you Create order What is leaky gut? Background In helping you explore the best diet for leaky gut, we will first need to explain what it is. We need to understand how the intestines work in the body. The intestines are part of the digestive system which is responsible for breaking down the food you eat, absorbing nutrients and water to provide nourishment, and removing waste products from the body. The intestines serve as a barrier between the gut and the rest of the body. The intestines have small gaps or tight junctions to allow food and nutrients to move into the bloodstream. Leaky gut occurs when those gaps loosen or get larger. If this occurs your body is considered to have increased intestinal permeability. This means that toxins, bacteria and larger food particles can then pass through and enter the bloodstream. Generally, these things are supposed to move through the intestines and either be processed or excreted, not move into other parts of your body. Causes It is not entirely clear what causes leaky gut. There is a protein responsible for tight junctions called zonulin. Studies (https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/leaky-gut-diet#Causes) show that increased intestinal permeability and loose junctions could be caused by higher levels of zonulin. If it is released within the intestines, the junctions open slightly and this allows larger particles to move through the wall of the intestines. Studies (https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/gluten-leaky-gut#section4) have been done that show that gluten can activate zonulin and therefore increase permeability of the intestines. In conclusion There is a lot of work put into finding a sustainable diet that will produce results. Despite the research and information available to us today, not everyone will have the same results even if they are following the exact same plans. Everyone’s body will respond differently, and it is up to you to make changes until you find the plan that works the best for you. It can be overwhelming and for many people it is, at times, very frustrating. A major factor to evaluate is finding a plan where whole foods, particularly ones that you enjoy consuming, can be incorporated. A lot of focus should be put on the quality of food consumed. Other lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity and improving sleep can also contribute and improve overall results. Remember that regardless of your diet choice, it is important to stay hydrated by drinking water. It is also suggested to avoid soda, drinks with added sugars, and alcoholic beverages. We know that the benefits to finding a healthy, balanced diet are great and that the decision is one that needs to be made based on your health history, overall goals and in consultation with your primary care physician. Our goal with this article is to assess possibilities regarding the best diet for leaky gut so that you can make an educated decision regarding your health journey.

The Issues Of Diversity For Success Of The Company

The article was written in 2013 by Barak, who is a knowledgeable and experienced professor, with an experience in social work and business. The book provides information on how to ensure there is inclusiveness in the workplace. The author reveals that management has to ensure it successfully handles diversity in the workforce. The author argues that in the current workforce, which is diverse, the challenge is exclusion. The book compiles extensive current information on social policy trends, legislative and demographic, as well as the analysis of causes and effects of workforce exclusion, and reveals that learning about how to manage the issue of diversity is critical. Therefore, based on the extensive information offered touching on diversity in the workplace, I will be utilizing the book to draw on the ways the managers of an organization ought to handle the issue of diversity for success of the company. The article authored by Cox, bearing the recent trends in business globally, together with gender and ethnic diversity, which is on the rise, and forcing the managers to the value of cultural differences. The article provides the essence of an organization to enhance the effectiveness of an organization by valuing diversity. Similarly, the article presents research data and arguments on the manner in which the management of diversity is able to generate competitive advantage. In addition, the article presents organizational flexibility and problem solving skills thatShow MoreRelatedTechnology As A Tool For Diversity Management1251 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Technology as a Tool for Diversity Management† The work done in any organization and in any field is a combined effort of different people from diverse locations, towards our goal. Every individual is a key to the success of the organization of projects. The person working in a program is responsible for the processing and procurement. 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The Biblical Character Job And The Man By Victor Frankl

Job and Victor Frankl are both men who have gone through a difficult journey of despair but still remained hopeful though that struggling time. Since Job and Victor Frankl are both men who have been through some difficult situations, there are many ways in which they are similar, outside of both living lives with despair. Since Victor Frankl and Job can be compared to one another, they can also be contrasted. Although, Job and Victor Frankl have both gone through despair, they, like any person, have different life experiences and responses to that despair. Pertaining to their hope and despair, Job and Frankl, fall in line with ideas expressed by Martin Luther King and Harold Kushner in their writings. The Biblical character Job and the†¦show more content†¦Through this struggle and time of despair, Job and Frankl used the same type of motivator for finding their hope, they both utilized their love. Job used his love of God, while with Victor Frankl used the love he had for h is wife. Love was the main reason they found hope even in the worst possible time. As Victor Frankl says, love makes potentialities come true (Frankl, p. 112). This potentiality of love is used by both Job and Frankl to survive the despair they underwent. As Job put it, he â€Å"accepted good fortune from God† so surely he â€Å"can accept bad fortune too.† (Mitchell, p. 8). Victor Frankl and Job used their love to confront their disparities instead of obsessing over the bad things happening in their lives. Another similarity between Victor Frankl and Job is the multitude of experiences they went through that caused their despair. They both went through not one thing, but many things that caused them to be in unfavorable situations. Frankl dealt with many things spanning over his time at the concentration camp. Job went through many tribulations from God. God put Job through death, sickness, depletion and despair. Similarly, Victor Frankl witnessed death, sickness and depletion as well as being sick and depleted himself. They both experienced many things to cause their despair, not just one large event to make them struggle. As Harold Kushner says, â€Å"human beings are caught up in the perpetual

A Pundit’s Solution to Fixing Drug Violence in Mexico Essay

Thomas Friedman, a biweekly column contributor for the New York Times, is a pundit who throughout his career has made some bold claims about controversial issues in the news. Bestement and Gutherson argue that a pundit is merely â€Å"one who gives opinions in an authoritative manner†, and that while they may speak convincingly, their skills as pundits lie in â€Å"their ability†¦ to learn quickly about the broad contours of a wide range of subjects, and to project confidence and authority in talking about them† (Bestement, Gutherson 2005; 2,3). Since a pundit is one who uses existing prejudices to explain complex issues to large audiences in a concise and very generalized manner, inaccuracies are frequent in their arguments; but these inaccuracies†¦show more content†¦The prohibition of drugs such as cocaine, opium, and marijuana is rooted in the racism and xenophobia of the people of the United States. It was â€Å"believed that cocaine consumption by the black community could make them disregard the barriers that society had established between different races†, while Chinese were â€Å"portrayed as assiduous opium smokers† and Mexicans were â€Å"labeled as avid marihuana smokers† (Recio 2002; 23,24). These faulty conceptions of the minorities in the United States resulted in â€Å"a new perception†¦that drug consumption could not be morally accepted and therefore its use should be seriously restricted† (Recio 2002; 24). Medical professionals in the United States were strongly opposed to an all out ban of these drugs, but eventually the United States congress passed the Harrison Act. This act was initially designed to limit the availability of these narcotics by requiring a prescription from a physician to obtain them. Later, United States congress passed the Volstead Act, which prohibited alcohol. In 1922 the Harrison Act became a totally prohibitionist piece of legislation (Recio 2002; 25, 26). Immediately after the Harrison Act and the Volstead Acts were passed, illegal drug traffickers took the place of physicians in providing narcotics to the people who wanted them (Recio 2002; 26). In order to prevent this, the United States government decided that if the country producing drugs

Compare the poems and comment on how the way Owen and...

Compare the poems and comment on how the way Owen and Southey convey their attitude towards war - Dulce et Decorum Est Dulce et Decorum Est tells the story of how Wilfred Owen experiences world war first hand and tells of his bitter angst towards the government who try to persuade young men to join the army. Owen developed many of his poetic techniques at Craiglockhart Military Hospital where he spent much of the war as an injured soldier, and was able to express his ideas and feelings on paper He uses the Latin phrase Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori, which translates into it is sweet and glorious to die for ones country. Owen tells of how this phrase is wrong, how it is not glorious to experience the harsh†¦show more content†¦Owen then continues to give the audience a mental picture when describing the sounds and noises of war. Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots Of tired outstripped five-nines that dropped behind This tells us that the soldiers are struggling to walk as they are tired and oblivious to the noise of bombs, missiles and gunshots. Owen also uses similes and metaphors to compare certain things and really give an image. His hanging face, like a devils sick of sin The second stanza starts with the only speech of the whole poem: Gas! GAS! Quick, boys! It tells of a gas attack and how all the soldiers fumble and stumble to get their helmets on in time. All manage but one, who Owen sees reaching out to him and yelling, and how he was unable to do anything and could not help. He uses the lines to describe this: In all my dreams before my helpless sight He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. These are strong lines that slowly close the second stanza. The final verse slows the poem suddenly right down as the death of the soldier who failed to get his gas mask on quick enough is described. Wilfred Owens second poem Anthem for Doomed Youth follows on from his view of war in Dulce et Decorum Est. It is a sonnet, which consists of 14 lines. The title tells of how it is a song for young soldiers who are going into war, and that before they have even entered the

Rise of China as an Economic Power free essay sample

After 1927,  Chiang Kai-shek  managed to reunify China and bring in the  Nanjing decade, a period of relative prosperity despite civil war and Japanese aggression. In 1937, the  Japanese invaded  and literally laid China to waste in eight years of war. The era also saw the first  boycott of Japanese products. Afterwards, the Chinese civil war further devastated China and led to the fall of the Republic in 1949. * Civil war, famine and turmoil in the early republic The early republic was marked by frequent wars and factional struggles. From 1911 to 1927, famine, war and change of government was the norm in Chinese politics, with provinces periodically declaring independence. The collapse of central authority caused the economic contraction that was in place since Qing to speed up, and was only reversed when Chiang reunified China in 1927 and proclaimed himself its leader. * Development of domestic industries Chinese domestic industries developed rapidly after the downfall of the  Manchu  Qing dynasty, despite turmoil in Chinese politics. We will write a custom essay sample on Rise of China as an Economic Power or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Development of these industries peaked during  World War I, which saw a great increase in demand for Chinese goods, which benefitted Chinas industries. In addition, imports to China fell drastically after total war broke out in Europe. For example, Chinas textile industry had 482,192 needle machines in 1913, while by 1918 (the end of the war) that number had gone up to 647,570. The number increased even faster to 1,248,282 by 1921. In addition, bread factories went up from 57 to 131. The May 4th movement, in which Chinese students called Chinas population to boycott foreign goods, also helped spur development. Foreign imports fell drastically from 1919–1921 and from 1925 to 1927. Chinese industries continue to develop in the 1930s with the advent of the Nanking decade in the 1930s, when Chiang Kai-shek unified most of the country and brought political stability. Chinas industries developed and grew from 1927 to 1931. Though badly hit by the Great Depression from 1931 to 1935 and Japans occupation of Manchuria in 1931, industrial output recovered by 1936. By 1936, industrial output had recovered and surpassed its previous peak in 1931 prior to the Great Depressions effects on China. This is best shown by the trends in Chinese  GDP. In 1932, Chinas GDP peaked at 28. 8 billion, before falling to 21. 3 billion by 1934 and recovering to 23. 7 billion by 1935. * The rural economy of the Republic of China The rural economy retained much of the characteristics of the Late Qing. While markets had been forming since the  Song  and  Ming dynasties, Chinese agriculture by the Republic of China was almost completely geared towards producing cash crops for foreign consumption, and was thus subject to the say of the international markets. Key exports included  glue, tea, silk, sugar cane, tobacco, cotton, corn and peanuts. The rural economy was hit hard by the Great Depression of the 1930s, in which an overproduction of agricultural goods lead to massive falling prices for China as well as an increase in foreign imports (as agricultural goods produced in western countries were dumped in China). In 1931, imports of rice in China amounted to 21 million  bushels  compared with 12 million in 1928. Other goods saw even more staggering increases. In 1932, 15 million bushels of grain were imported compared with 900,000 in 1928. This increased competition lead to a massive decline in Chinese agricultural prices (which were cheaper) and thus the income of rural farmers. In 1932, agricultural prices were 41 percent of 1921 levels. Rural incomes had fallen to 57 percent of 1931 levels by 1934 in some areas * Foreign direct investment in the Republic of China Foreign direct investment in China soared during the Republic of China. Some 1. 5 billion of investment was present in China by the beginning of the 20th century, with Russia, The United Kingdom and Germany being the largest investors. However, with the outbreak of WWI, investment from Germany and Russia stopped while England and Japan took a leading role. By 1930, foreign investment in China totalled 3. 5 billion, with Japan leading (1. 4 billion) and England at 1 billion. By 1948, however, the capital stock had halted with investment dropping to only 3 billion, with the US and Britain leading. * Currency of the Republic of China The currency of China was initially silver-backed, but the nationalist government seized control of private banks in the notorious  banking coup  of 1935 and replaced the currency with the  Fabi, a  fiat currency  issued by the ROC.